Epiphany and the Magi: Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh in Painting

The journey of the Magi—those mysterious wise men who followed a star to Bethlehem—has captured the Christian imagination for centuries. Their arrival, celebrated as Epiphany, is marked by the presentation of three symbolic gifts: gold, frankincense and myrrh. But how have artists interpreted this moment? In this article we explore how painters have pictured the Magi, the significance of their gifts, and how these themes continue to inspire Christian art today.

The Epiphany Story in Scripture and Tradition

The biblical account of the Magi appears in Matthew 2:1–12. Guided by a star, the wise men come from the east to worship the newborn Christ. They bring gifts of immense value and meaning: “And when they were come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh.” (Matthew 2:11, KJV)

Over the centuries, Christian tradition has deepened the symbolism of these gifts. Gold stands for kingship, frankincense for divinity, and myrrh for suffering and death. The feast of Epiphany, observed on 6 January, celebrates the revelation of Christ to the nations, as represented by these foreign visitors. It is a time rich in artistic and liturgical expression, with churches and homes alike marking the season through special artwork and readings. For those interested in scripture-based art, you can explore our collection of scripture art prints featuring key moments like the Epiphany.

Picturing the Magi: Artistic Traditions and Styles

From the earliest Christian mosaics to Renaissance masterpieces and modern prints, artists have found endless inspiration in the journey and adoration of the Magi. Early Christian images, such as those in Roman catacombs, often show the Magi in Persian dress, emphasising their foreignness and the universal reach of Christ’s birth. In medieval and Renaissance paintings, the Magi are frequently depicted as kings, sometimes representing Africa, Asia and Europe, to highlight the global significance of the Incarnation.

The gifts themselves are almost always prominent. Gold is shown as a gleaming vessel or coins, frankincense as a censer with rising smoke, and myrrh as a small jar or box. Each object is carefully painted to convey both material value and spiritual meaning. You can find similar motifs in our seasonal and liturgical artwork collection, which includes works for Advent, Christmas and Epiphany.

Symbolism of Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh in Art

The three gifts given by the Magi are not only treasures but also profound symbols:

• Gold: The ultimate symbol of kingship and honour, gold in Christian art reminds us that Jesus is the King of Kings. In many paintings, the gold vessel is ornate, reflecting both the wealth of the giver and the majesty of Christ.
• Frankincense: Used in temple worship, frankincense signifies prayer, priesthood, and divinity. Rising incense is often shown in art as a visual metaphor for prayer ascending to God. It highlights the truth that Christ is not only king, but also God incarnate.
• Myrrh: Myrrh, an embalming spice, foreshadows Jesus’ suffering and death. In paintings, the jar of myrrh is sometimes small and plain, a poignant contrast to the splendour of the other gifts.

Exploring these symbols in art can deepen our appreciation for the Epiphany story. If you are interested in the history and meaning of other Christian symbols, see our Christian symbol artwork collection.

Classic and Contemporary Epiphany Artworks

Some of the world’s greatest paintings have centred on the visit of the Magi. Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi, found in the National Gallery, is renowned for its vibrant colours and detailed figures. Each Magus is portrayed with unique features and splendid robes, while the gifts are rendered with loving attention.

In contemporary Christian art, the Epiphany continues to inspire new interpretations, from abstract depictions of the journeying star to minimalist renderings of the gifts. At Christian Artists, we offer a variety of styles—from traditional sacred iconography to bold Christian abstract art. You can browse our daily Christian art prints, including new Epiphany works published each January.

Displaying Epiphany Prints at Home or in Church

Epiphany art offers a meaningful way to mark the end of the Christmas season and begin the new year. Many churches display paintings or prints of the Magi during January, while families might place Epiphany artwork on a mantelpiece or prayer table. The imagery of the gifts can prompt conversation and reflection, especially with children learning about the story of the wise men.

Our instant download prints come in A5 and A4 sizes, making them easy to display in homes, schools or church halls. For advice on preparing and framing your Epiphany prints, see our practical guide: how to print your downloads. If you need help with professional printing or framing, we offer printing and framing advice for all our artwork.

Frequently asked questions

Why do the Magi bring gold, frankincense and myrrh?

Each gift has spiritual significance: gold for Christ’s kingship, frankincense for His divinity, and myrrh for His future suffering. These gifts fulfil Old Testament prophecies and reveal Jesus’ identity.

Can I find modern prints of the Magi and their gifts?

Yes, contemporary Christian artists continue to create new interpretations of the Epiphany story. You can explore seasonal and liturgical artwork for modern depictions available as instant downloads.

How do I print and display Christian art at home?

Our digital prints come in A5 and A4 PDF and JPEG formats, ready for home or shop printing. For tips on printing, paper choice and framing, see our how to print your downloads guide or consider Prodigi print-on-demand for professional results.